Ilagan is located on the central portion of the province. It is bounded on the north by the municipality of Tumauini, in the east by the municipality of Divilican and Palanan, and southeast by the municipality of San mariano and in the west by the municipality of Quirino.
Ilagan is 96 kilometers of Tuguegarao, Cagayan, the regional center of Region 02 and is approximately 410 kilometersd from Manila linked by the National Highway via Dalton Pass.
The municipality is composed of 91 barangays. It has an area of 1, 166.26 square kilometers, about 13% of the total land area of the province. Ilagan had a projected population of 124, 125 in 2000 with 20, 687 estimated numbers of households. The municipality is among the five growth centers of the Region 02.
Although there are times when the political atmosphere seems turbulent in the national scene, the municipality remains to be stable. Likewise, peace and order situation in the municipality is considered generally peaceful.
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