SoCCSKSarGen is a region of the Philippines, located in central Mindanao, and is officially
designated as Region XII. The name is an acronym that stands for the region's four
provinces and one of its cities: South Cotabato, Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sarangani and
General Santos City. The regional center is Koronadal City located in the province of South
Cotabato. Cotabato City itself is part of SOCCSKSARGEN, but Maguindanao is part of the
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.
Geography
The region has extensive coastlines, valleys and mountain ranges. Known for its river
system, the region is the catch basin of Mindanao. The system is a rich source of food,
potable water and energy production. Cotabato contains the Rio Grande de Mindanao,
which is the longest river in Mindanao and the second longest in the Philippines.
Political
Region XII was previously called Central Mindanao and originally included the provinces of
Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, and Maguindanao. The creation
of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao in 1990 left Central Mindanao with only
Lanao del Norte, Sultan Kudarat, and Cotabato. Then, on September 19, 2001, President
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's Executive Order No. 36 reorganized the regions and provinces in
Mindanao. This moved changed Region XII into the present SOCCSKSARGEN.
Culture
A pair of agungs, one of the instruments found in the kulintang ensembleRegion XII is
home to a fascinating culture that revolves around kulintang music, a specific type of gong
music, found among both Muslim groups (such as the Maguindanao)and non-Muslim
groups (such as the Tiruray) of the Southern Philippines. Kulintang music functions as a
main community unifier, where all of the community can come to engage in events such as
weddings, birthday celebrations and festivals to dignitary engagements and pilgrimages to
and from Mecca. At home, such music unifies and solidifies family ties as family members
take to playing after dinner. Kulintang music also plays a vital role as the accompaniment to
healing dances, as a long-distance communication between members (They have the
ability to use the gandingan, also known as the talking gongs, to communicate from far
away before the invention of the telephone), and a social conduit for young people
(Interactions between opposite sexes were not allowed except though such instruments).
List of the Traditional Instruments of the Southern Philippines:
Five main instruments of the Maguindanao Kulintang Ensemble
Kulintang - Agung - Gandingan - Babendil - Dabakan
Kulintang ensembles among those of the Southern Philippines are usually composed of
five pieces of instrumentation. Among the Maguindanao, this would include: the kulintang
(strung out horizontally on a stand, serving as the main melody instrument of the
ensemble), the agung (the largest gongs of the ensemble providing much of the lower
beats, either coming in a pair of two or just one alone), the gandingan (four large vertical
gongs aligned front to back, used as a secondary melodic instrument), the dabakan (an
hour-glass shaped drum covered in goat/lizard skin) and the babendil (a singular gong
used as the timekeeper of the entire ensemble).
The most significant development in the political history of Mindanao was the organization
of six politico-military districts in Mindanao in 1860. The central district embracing Cotabato
included Polloc, Illana Bay as far as the Western coast of Zamboanga at point
Murcielagos and the Southern extremity of Mindanao down to point Glan. The capital of the
government was Cotabato City until 1872 when the city was destroyed by a strong
earthquake, after which the capital was Zamboanga City.
The Central Mindanao region was created on July 7, 1975 under Presidential Decree No.
742. Under this decree, Central Mindanao was composed of the provinces of Cotabato,
Sultan Kudarat, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur and Maguindanao and the cities of Iligan,
Cotabato and Marawi. The extent of regionalization was further seen in the establishment of
Autonomous Region and Western Mindanaao (Regions XII and IX) by virtue of Presidential
Decree No. 1618.
On August 1, 1989, Republic Act o. 6734 was signed in law, which provided for the creation
of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). The former Regional Autonomous
Government of Central Mindanao has therefore been reverted to an administrative regions
in 1990. Executive Order 429 was also issued on 12 October 1990, which provided for
the reorganization of administrative regions in Mindanao and, in the case of Region XII,
mandated the transfer of regional offices from Cotabato City to Koronadal City.
On February 23, 1995, Republic Act 7901 'An act Creating Region XIII to be known as
the Caraga Administrative Region, and for other Purpose' was enacted. Section 3 of thee
said law provided for the transfer of Sultan Kudarat to Region XI following Surigao del
Sur's transfer from Region XI to the Caraga Region.
Pursuant to the provisions of the Final Peace Agreement signed between the
Government of the Philippines and the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) on
September 6, 1996, Executive Order No.371 was issued by his Excellency Fidel V.
Ramos on October 2, 1996. EO 371 established a Special Zone and Development
(SZOPAD) in Southern Philippines, which encompassed five regions , including Region
XII.
At the local scene, the municipality of Kidapawan became a city with the enactment of
Republic Act 8500 on March 21, 1998. In the same year, the Province of Sultan Kudarat
was reverted to Region XII by virtue of Republic Act 8744, An Act Repealing Section 3 of
RA 7901 and to Return the Province of Sultan Kudarat to Region XII and other Purposes,
which lapsed into law on December 18, pursuant to Article VI, Section 27 (1) of the
constitution.
In the year 2000, the status of the two local government units where elevated. The
municipality of Koronadal became a city on August 16, 2000 through Republic Act No.
8803. On the other hand, the municipality of Tacurong in the Sultan Kudarat became a
city on September 18, 2000 by virtue of Republic Act o. 8805.
On August 14, 2001, a plebiscite was conducted in the ZSOPAD to determine the areas
that shall comprise the ARMM, pursuant to RA 9054. The cities of Marawi in Region XII and
Isabela in Region IX joined the ARMM. (As a result administrative measure) following the
reconfiguration of ARMM, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo issued Executive Order No.
36 dated September 19, 2001, which realigned the regions in Mindanao. The province of
Lanao del Norte and Iligan City of Region XII were transferred to Region X. The provinces
of South Cotabato, Saranggani, and the cities of Koronadal and General Santos of
Region XI became part of Region XII. Thus, per EO No. 36 Region XII is now composed of
the provinces of Sultan Kudarat, Saranggani, South Cotabato and Cotabato Province and
the cities of General Santos, Cotabato, Kidapawan, Koronadal, and Tacurong.
The Region has a total land area of 20,566.26 sq. km, 20 percent of the total Mindanao land
area of 101,587 sq. km. Along the coasts are lowland areas covered with mangroves and
beaches. A chain of inactive volcanoes and low hills occupy the interior. The region belongs
to the fourth climatic which is characterized by having an event distribution of rainfall through
out the year. It is seldom visited by typhoon.
Tourist spots include Mt. Apo, Lake Sebu, cultural villages, old Mosques and shrines, hot
springs and lakes. There are four feeder airports found in Lebak, Kalamansig, Tacurong
City, all in Sultan Kudarat and Surallah, South Cotabato; one national airport which is found
in Cotabato City and one international airport in General Santos.
The adventurous travelers probably wish to conquer vast mountain wilderness or explore
the many forest, caves and wildlife reserves. The regions hectares of rubber, palm
plantation, citrus, pineapple, lanzones farms delight with nature's freshest harvest.
The artistry of the different ethnic tribes lends richness to local colors. Each tribes has one
way in common, the weaving of versatile tubular cloth called malong and other hand-
woven products, found among the Maguindanaons and T'bolis. Visitors will find unique
souvenir items among them handicrafts, brasswares, beadworks, t'nalak cloth and hand-
woven products. Tribal festival, tour and visit to ethnic villagers provide insight into the
everyday lives of these cultural minorities. ( Source: MTRDP 2002-2004)
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